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medication for adhd is the first step for a lot of people suffering from ADHD in their treatment. Medication can aid in improving focus and decrease the likelihood of impulsivity. The most frequently used medication for ADHD is stimulants. They work by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain. They are available in short-acting and long-acting forms. 1. Stimulants Many people with ADHD utilize stimulant drugs which increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These medications aid them in being able to concentrate, pay attention, and control impulses. They can also lessen the symptoms of anxiety or depression. They are available in a variety of forms, from liquids and chewables to capsules with extended release for 16 hours. Long-lasting medicines can help reduce “ups and downs” throughout the day, however some people discover they need to supplement them with a quick-acting medicine in the afternoon or evening. Stimulants can trigger side effects such as heart palpitations, changes in vision, and hearing ringing. They can also alter appetite and raise blood pressure. They also can have long-term effects on developing brains of adolescents and children This is the reason doctors take care when prescribing them. Amphetamines are a type of stimulant that can be legally prescribed as ADHD medication and can help some people with ADHD concentrate better. They are a form of amphetamines and are typically taken orally in tablet or powder form however, they can also be injected or smoked. People without ADHD are able to make use of them to lose weight or to boost their energy. They are more likely to be misused. People with eating disorders may also use them to help with their condition. The NSDUH survey does not ask for specific brands or types, instead, it asks if a person has ever used prescription ADHD stimulants in a non-medical way. This could underestimate the amount of people who have used other substances than the ones prescribed for ADHD. It does not include information on the reasons for using drugs. This is vital. Certain people with ADHD can cut down on their non-medical stimulant use by coordinating their time and work tasks in a different way and ensuring that they have time for family and relaxation. Some people find relief learning about natural alternatives to medications such as oligomeric prosanthocyanidins (OPCs). These biochemical compounds can be found in plant extracts such as pine bark, green tea, and grape. Greenblatt has seen patients with illegible handwriting regain the ability to write after taking OPC supplements. 2. Ritalin Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a central nerve system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adults. It works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain that help people concentrate and focus their attention. Typically, the drug is taken orally, but it may also be injectable. Misuse of the drug can lead to extreme physical and mental addiction. People who inject are susceptible to a variety of complications such as blood-borne illnesses like HIV Hepatitis B and C due to the insoluble fillers that block small vessels. The use of this drug has also been linked to psychotic episodes. Most ADHD medications reduce symptoms such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, by changing the way neurotransmitters are used in the body. They can also help improve focus and concentration, decrease fidgeting and other distracting behaviors and improve the likelihood of completing a plan or a task. Doctors can prescribe a variety of drugs to treat ADHD. They will work with their patients to determine which dosage and timeframe is most suitable for them. Many sufferers experience adverse effects due to the use of stimulants to treat ADHD. These side effects are usually mild but can include stomach upset, headaches and rapid heartbeats, difficulty sleeping, and changes in blood pressure. The symptoms usually go away by themselves or after a couple of days as the body gets familiar with the medication. Some sufferers develop tolerance to drugs, meaning that a higher dose is required to get the same effects. This can lead into withdrawal symptoms and addiction if the dose is suddenly reduced, or even stopped. When taking stimulants, it is important to inform your health care provider about any other medications you're taking, particularly ones that treat sleep disorders or depression because they may interact with this category of medications. You should also provide a complete list of any foods, beverages and herbal remedies that you take. This will enable your doctor to choose an appropriate medication that won't affect your current treatment. 3. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are synthetic drugs that cause mild to severe depress of the nerves inside the brain (central nervous system) and sedation. They increase the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is the neurotransmitter used by neurons in the brain to communicate. GABA can decrease brain activity and benzodiazepines are beneficial for seizures and anxiety. Medications in this class include alprazolam (Xanax) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) and clobazam (Onfi, Sympazane). These medications can be extremely addictive and can cause breathing difficulties, which could result in a coma, or even death. This is particularly true when they are used in conjunction with alcohol or other depressants, such as opioid painkillers. If you stop taking them prematurely they can cause severe withdrawal symptoms. Due to their high potential for misuse, you should keep benzodiazepines locked in a cabinet and only use them as prescribed by your physician. The drugs are “off-label”, meaning that they're not FDA approved to treat ADHD. Research has shown that these medications can be effective in some people who cannot take stimulants or don't get relief. They don't cause or worsen the tics associated with Tourette syndrome. They can be administered to children as young six years old. Be aware that benzodiazepines could trigger suicidal thoughts or feelings in some children, teens and adults following treatment. Discuss with your physician any concerns you might have or if you have a history of suicide in your family. Be sure to tell your provider about any medications you or your child takes including any over-the counter supplements and vitamins. Some may interact with benzodiazepines and cause dangerous adverse effects. Your doctor will suggest a medication and treatment plan that is appropriate for you or your child. Be patient and follow the schedule. It may take some time to see results. Some patients require benzodiazepines for long periods of time. They are frequently used in conjunction with other treatments for relief from symptoms. This is typical for people who are unable to take stimulants. 4. Atomoxetine This medication is a selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor that works by increasing the amount of this natural brain chemical in order to control impulses and improve concentration. It is prescribed as part a treatment plan for ADHD. It is a drug that can be used by itself or in conjunction with other medications. It is also effective in people with co-morbid disorders, like anxiety, depression or tics. Atomoxetine is available in capsules or liquid form and should be taken every throughout the day along with a glass of water. Side effects are typically moderate, but they may include a headache and abdominal pain in children and adolescents. If you experience a more severe reaction like suicidal thoughts or an allergic reaction seek immediate medical treatment. It may take up to two months for atomoxetine's complete effect to be noticeable. It is often recommended for children at risk of using stimulants as well as for adults suffering from co-occurring disorders. According to one study this medication is especially beneficial for those suffering from the inattentive type of ADHD. It is not effective in all patients suffering from adolescent-onset ADHD or those with anxiety or tics that are co-morbid. It is not recommended for patients with a family history of pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal glands or glaucoma. Before taking atomoxetine it is essential to inform your doctor of any other health conditions you may be suffering from. Nonstimulant medications are a good option for some people who aren't able to take stimulant drugs due to glaucoma or a heart condition or a pheochromocytoma. According to the Child Mind Institute these medications affect the way that chemicals are altered in certain brain regions. These medications are approved for teenagers and children as young as 6. Clonidine ER (Kapvay), and Guanfacine (Intuniv) are two of these medications. These medications may cause adverse effects, including increased blood pressure or sinus tachycardia (irregular and rapid heartbeat) or interfere with other medications your child is taking. They can also interact with medications for depression and anxiety.